【スピーキング新形式】TOEFL iBTスピーキングの変更点と概要まとめ

こんにちは、SOLO IELTS TOEFLのルークです。

TOEFL iBTスピーキング2019年8月以降の「変更点と新形式のまとめ」を紹介します。

大門数が減って対策しやすくなりました

TOEFLスピーキング変更点

2019年8月以降TOEFLが大幅変更しました。スピーキングは全4セクションの中で最も大きな変化です。

旧TOEFLでは6つのタスクがありましたが、そのうちタスク1とタスク5がなくなる変更です。

つまり新形式は以下のようになります。

• タスク1: Independent Speaking
• タスク2: Independent Speaking
• タスク3: Integrated Speaking
• タスク4: Integrated Speaking
• タスク5: Integrated Speaking
• タスク6: Integrated Speaking

Independent Speakingが1つ、Integrated Speakingが3つなっています。以下のようにイメージしてください。

• 旧タスク2→新タスク1 (Independent)
• 旧タスク3→新タスク2 (Integrated)
• 旧タスク4→新タスク3 (Integrated)
• 旧タスク6→新タスク4 (Integrated)

それでは新形式の各タスクを詳しく見ていきましょう

新形式タスク1

新形式のタスク1はIndependent Speakingです。スピーキングだけをするのでIndependentとよびます。新タスク1は以下の流れです。

• 問を読む
• 回答の準備 (15秒)
• 回答 (45秒)

問の内容自体は求められた意見に対して理由と例を添えて答えるという旧タスク2と変更はありません。

例題

それでは実際に、TOEFL Independent スピーキングタスク1の流れを実践で確認してみましょう。

Question:
What should universities do to ensure that their professors are not only experts in their fields, but good at teaching students as well?

この問に対して15秒間で準備して45秒間話します。

モデルアンサー

To ensure that university professors are experts in their field but also good teachers, a university should rely on training and evaluations. The first step to ensuring good teachers is to make sure that all teachers receive training in classroom management and presentation of material continually through their careers. Alongside training, evaluations done by colleagues as well as students can help provide essential feedback about the success and failures of teachers to improve their trade. Through these two ideas, training and evaluations, universities can help ensure that all professors are good teachers as well as being experts in their field of study.

このぐらい話せて45秒です

新形式タスク2

新形式のタスク2は Integratedスピーキングです。話すことだけでなく、読み聴きが混在しているためIntegratedと呼ばれます。新タスク2は以下の流れです。

• リーディング (50秒間)
• リスニング (生徒の対話形式)
• 回答の準備 (30秒)
• 回答 (60秒)

リーディングとリスニングがあることが確認できます。問の内容は、キャンパス内のアナウンスメントが大半で、稀に生徒の手紙が出ることもあります。

例題

それでは実際に、TOEFL Integratedスピーキングタスク2の流れを実践で確認してみましょう。

READ A CAMPUS ANNOUNCEMENT: 50秒
Due to the recent rise in the usage of copy papers, limits and restrictions are being placed on copy amounts. All students wishing to print over 10 papers now have to pay another 10 cents. This policy is intended to discourage students’ behaviours of printing excessive or unnecessary papers. The price for copying paper remains the same.

Question:
The woman expresses her opinion about the announcement. State her opinion and explain the reasons that she gives for holding that opinion.

間髪いれずに30秒間の準備時間が与えられ、実際に60秒間話すという流れです。

モデルアンサー

The girl thinks that limiting the number of copies is a great idea for two reasons. The first reason is that since the school is now charging an extra 10 cents if there are over 10 copies printed, and because she has seen a great number of students throwing away blank paper, this will discourage students from making unnecessary copies and encourage them to review their work before hitting print. The second reason is she thinks the school will be able to utilize the money that they earn from this new rule to purchase even more copy machines, so that students will not have to line up to print their work. This will make an efficient change for everybody and it will help to save paper around campus. Therefore, for these two reasons, the girl believes that limiting the copy amount is a really great idea for the school and for the students.

読むべきポイント、聴きとるべきポイントを知っておく必要があります

新形式タスク3

新形式のタスク3もIntegratedスピーキングです。タスク2と同様に話すことだけでなく、読み聴きが混在しています。問の流れはタスク2と同じです。

• リーディング (50秒間)
• リスニング (教授のレクチャー)
• 回答の準備 (30秒)
• 回答 (60秒)

タスク2との違いは問の内容です。タスク2では生徒の意見をまとめるものでしたが、タスク3では教授が例を挙げながら説明するアカデミックな語句の定義をまとめます。

例題

それでは実際に、TOEFL Integratedスピーキングタスク3の流れを実践で確認してみましょう。

READ A SHORT PASSAGE: 50秒
The idea of a majority influence is the circumstances under which people alter their behavior to fit in with the majority of people, such as inadvertent peer pressure. This occurs when people want to fit in with a crowd. The inverse of that, a minority influence, is when a small group of people is able to alter the perceptions of a larger group of people. This can occur when a small group or individual garners enough respect to change a larger group.

Question:
Use the main points and examples from the lecture to describe two types of influences majority and minority.

間髪いれずに30秒間の準備時間が与えられ、実際に60秒間話すという流れです。

モデルアンサー

The professor describes the majority influence as larger group of people influencing an individual or smaller group of people to change their attitudes or belief. and this is the most common form of influence. The example the professor used in the lecture was about an introvert individual influenced by the majority of his new colleagues to go out to drink. Even though he may not enjoy going out drinking, he went against his belief to fit in and not seemed like the odd one out. A minority influence was described as an individual or smaller group changing the belief of larger group. This influence is more difficult than the majority influence because smaller group must be steadfast in their belief and able to explain why their belief was worth adopting. The example the professor used in the lecture was about musicians or actors creating a new fashion trend that was a little weird getting majority of people seem to follow it.

語句に馴染みがないと難易度が高く感じるタスクです

新形式タスク4

新形式のタスク4もIntegratedスピーキングですが、タスク2や3と違ってリーディングがなくなります。従って流れは以下のようになります。

• リスニング（レクチャー形式）
• 回答の準備（20秒)
• 回答（60秒）

タスク4はレクチャーを聴いた内容をまとめて話すタスクです。準備時間も20秒と難易度は全タスクで最も高いです。

例題

それでは最後にTOEFL Integrated Speakingタスク4の例題を使って対策しましょう。

Question:
Using the main point and examples from the lecture, describe Ritualization.

間髪入れずに20秒与えられ60秒話す流れになります。

モデルアンサー

The lecture is about two examples of animal behaviors that exhibit ritualization. The professor says that ritualization is a behavior that can identify a certain animal, and the best ritualization examples are typically from the animal kingdom. There are two examples mentioned in this lecture. The first example of ritualization can be found in birds. The professor says that birds attract their mates by engaging courtship rituals. And these courtship rituals include behaviors such as dancing, singing songs, and decorating their nests. The second example of ritualization can be seen in dogs. He says that dogs communicate with other dogs by raising their lips and growling in order to defend their territories. So these are two examples of animals engaging in ritualization as a way to identify themselves to their own species as well as to communicate with others.

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