【例題と練習】TOEFL Integratedスピーキングタスク3

こんにちは、SOLO IELTS TOEFLのルークです。

TOEFL Integratedスピーキングタスク3の「例題と練習」を見ていきましょう。

テンプレを覚えてから例題と練習を解くと効果が高まります

スピーキングタスク3概要

例題で練習をする前に、TOEFL Integrated Speakingのタスク3の概要を確認しておきましょう。

リーディング（50秒）
リスニング（レクチャー形式）
準備時間（30秒）
回答（60秒）

タスク3はアカデミックな語句の定義の説明とその例を話す内容となっています。

パッセージで語句の定義の読み取り、教授の挙げる例の理解をすることが大切です。下記記事を参照にしてください。

参照: 【メモの練習とコツ】TOEFL Integratedスピーキング

テンプレ

例題で練習するにあたってタスク3は下記のテンプレに沿って話すことをお勧めします。

From the reading passage, X is described as…
The professor illustrates/demonstrates X by giving one/two examples.
In the first example,…
In the second example,…
In summary / Therefore, …..these examples demonstrate/show X

普段から英語を話し慣れてない人は特にテンプレを活用しましょう

例題で練習

それではTOEFL Integrated Speakingのタスク3の例題を使用して練習していきましょう。

本番形式の流れで解いていきましょう

例題1

READ A SHORT PASSAGE (50秒)
Opportunity cost is the business term for a situation in which someone is considering the best alternative among choices. With any choice there are opportunities lost by considering that option and eliminating others. Those things lost, weighed against the gains from the option taken, are the opportunity cost. It is the cost of not having the other benefits that must be weighed.

問: Using the main points and examples describe opportunity cost.

モデルアンサー

From the reading passage, opportunity cost is defined as the value that is gained and lost by making alternative choices. The professor illustrates the idea of the cost of not choosing something through two examples. The first example is the choice a school must make between building a swimming pool or a library. By building the swimming pool they will gain certain things, but lose out on a place for students to read and study. In the second example a student faces opportunity cost when they choose to go school and take out loans, whereby they miss out on the money they could have made working instead of going to school. In either case opportunity cost is referred to as that price that is paid by making one choice over another.

例題2

READ A SHORT PASSAGE (50秒)
The concept of the illusion of transparency is a person’s inclination to think that others automatically know their feelings. In this concept, a person who feels nervous thinks that everyone around them recognizes that emotion. This in turn leads to further feelings of nervousness and anxiety, despite the fact that studies have shown this phenomenon to not be a reality.

問: Using the main points and examples from the lecture, describe the illusion of transparency

モデルアンサー

Illusion of transparency is described in the lecture as someone being conscious of the fact that other people can see their emotions. However, people’s emotions are not seen as easily from other people as the individual feeling the emotion believes. The example given in the lecture is about a public speaking test where three groups control, reassured, and informed will be tested for their speech quality and stress levels during a 5 minute speech in front of a crowed. The first group, group control, gets no help from the testers, while group reassured gets reassured that feeling nervous and anxious before a speech is normal, and group informed gets told about Illusion of Transparency. The resulting scores proved that it is in fact true that people believe that other people viewing them can see their emotions and that belief will cause that person to feel more uncomfortable. but in fact, the observers cannot actually see the speaker’s emotion, hence the informed group scored much higher in speech quality and had lower stress levels, than group control.

例題3

READ A SHORT PASSAGE (50秒)
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person acts based on a false pre-supposition, forcing their thoughts to become the reality. In this instance a person will act upon what they believe to be true, rather than the reality of a situation. An athlete who believes they will lose, may in fact lose simply because they have already made up their mind about their reality.

問: Using the main points and examples from the lecture, describe self-fufilling prophecy.

モデルアンサー

The professor describes self-fulfilling prophecies as a false statement affecting the people’s perception of a situation and therefore indirectly causing the statement to become true. The professor used two examples. The first example was, a woman destroying her marriage because she believed her marriage would fail. Her fears and confusion actually caused the failure in her marriage to happen. The second example was about a bank that was running well and had many clients. One day, a group of people came to the bank together and caused other clients to perceive the situation as the bank being in financial trouble. All the clients began withdrawing their money and inadvertently caused the false rumor to become true. The bank could not handle all the withdrawals and went bankrupt. Therefore, the false perception of the banks situation, caused the perception to become true.

馴染みがない語句ばかりです