【穴埋め】IELTSリーディング解き方の解説と練習 ⑥

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SOLO IELTS TOEFLのルークです！

この記事では、IELTSリーディング「穴埋め問題」の解き方の解説と練習問題を紹介します。

「穴埋めの解き方を知りたい方」や「リーディングを得点源にしたい人」の参考になれば幸いです。

リーディング「穴埋め問題」

IELTSリーディング「穴埋め問題」は、要約されたパッセージ内にある空欄を埋める形式です。

穴埋め問題は、受験者自らがパッセージから単語を抜き出す形式と、ボックスから選ぶ形式の2つがあります。

この問題形式で試されているスキルは、特定の情報のスキャニング、アイデアとサポートセンテンスの理解、適切な語彙の選択の3つです。

回答のコツ

IELTSリーディング、「穴埋め問題」を回答する際のコツは以下になります。

コツ1. 答えとなる箇所の前後の品詞を把握する
コツ2. 答えの品詞を特定する
コツ3. キーワードに線を引く
コツ4. キーワードのパラフレーズを想像する
コツ5. 文字数制限に注意する
コツ6. 答えはパッセージの上から順番に現れるので注意する

練習問題

それでは、実際の練習問題を解いてみましょう。

指示文

Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 32-38 on your answer sheet.
To begin the process of selecting suitable astronauts two 32.＿＿＿＿ in two cities around the world. The first application is 33.＿＿＿＿ to every nationality. This is followed by a further 34.＿＿＿＿ in the selection of 35.＿＿＿＿ teams that then start training. During training they learn how to cope with life in an isolated 36.＿＿＿＿ , cultivate 37.＿＿＿＿ , and perform 38.＿＿＿＿ .

パッセージ

2011 Mars One Founded
In 2011 Bas Lansdorp and Arno Wielders lay the foundation of the Mars One mission plan. Discussion meetings are held with potential suppliers of aerospace components in the USA, Canada, Italy and United Kingdom. Mission architecture, budgets and timelines are solidified from the feedback of supplier engineers and business developers. A baseline design for a mission of permanent human settlement on Mars achievable with existing technology is the result.
2013 Start Crew Selection
In April 2013, the Astronaut Selection Program is launched at press
conferences in New York and Shanghai. Round One is an online application open to all nationalities. The selection program proceeds with three additional rounds over the course of two years. At the end of it around six teams of four individuals are selected for training. A new batch of the Astronaut Selection Program begins every year to replenish the training pool regularly. An analogue of the Mars habitat is constructed on Earth for technology testing and training purposes.
2015 Start of Crew Training
Selected candidates from the first batch of applicants enter full-time training groups. This training continues until the launch in 2024. The group’s ability to deal with prolonged periods of time in a remote location is the most important part of their training. They learn to repair components of the habitat and rover, learn to grow their own food, and train in medical procedures. The first outpost simulation, a Mars-like terrain that is relatively easy to reach is chosen. A second training outpost is located at a more remote environment like the Arctic desert.
2018 Demo and Comsat Mission
A Demonstration Mission is launched to Mars in May 2018; it provides proof of concept for some of the technologies that are important for a human mission. A communication satellite is also launched that is placed into a Mars stationary orbit. It enables 24/7 communication between the two planets. It can relay images, videos and other data from the Mars surface.
2020 Rover Mission Launched
One intelligent rover and one trailer are launched. The rover can use the trailer to transport the landers to the outpost location. On Mars, the rover drives around the chosen region to find the best location for the settlement. An ideal location for the settlement is far enough north for the soil to contain enough water, equatorial enough for maximum solar power and flat enough to facilitate construction of the settlement. When the settlement location is determined, the rover prepares the surface for arrival of the cargo missions. It also clears large areas where solar panels will lie. A second communications satellite is launched into orbit around the Sun.
2022 Cargo Missions Launched
Six cargo missions are launched and two living units, two life support systems, and two supply units are sent to Mars in July 2022. In February 2023 all units land on Mars using a rover signal as a beacon.
2023 Outpost Operational
The six cargo units land on Mars, up to 10 km away from the outpost. The rover picks up the first life support unit using the trailer, takes it to the right place, and deploys the thin film solar panel of the life support unit. The rover can now connect to the life support unit to recharge its batteries much faster than using only its own panels, allowing it to do much more work. The rover picks up all the other cargo units and then deploys the thin film solar panel of the second life support unit and the inflatable sections of the living units. The life support unit is connected to the living units by a hose that can transport water, air and electricity. The life support system is now activated. The rover feeds Martian soil into the life support system. Water is extracted from the Martian soil by evaporating the subsurface ice particles in an oven. The evaporated water is condensed back to its liquid state and stored. Part of the water is used for producing oxygen. Nitrogen and argon, filtered from the Martian atmosphere make up the other components of the breathable air inside the habitat.
2024 Departure Crew One
In April 2024, the components of the Mars transit vehicle are launched to Earth orbit on receiving the green light on the status of the systems on Mars. First, a transit habitat and a Mars lander with an assembly crew on-board are launched into an orbit around the Earth. The assembly crew docks the Mars lander to the transit habitat. Two propellant stages are launched a month later and are also connected. The first Mars crew, now fully trained, is launched into the same Earth orbit. In orbit the Mars One crew switches places with the assembly crew, who descend back to Earth. Engines of the propellant stages are fired and the transit vehicle is launched on a Mars transit trajectory. This is the point of no return; the crew is now bound to a 210-day flight to Mars.

解答

以下が、解答になります。

32. press conferences
33. online
34. 3 / three
35. 6 / six
36. online
37. food
38. medical procedures

解答説明

解答の説明として、問いのキーワードが本文のどこにあるのか確認しましょう。

問い. To begin the process of selecting suitable astronauts two 32.＿＿＿＿ are held in two cities around the world.
パラフレーズ.
In April 2013, the Astronaut Selection Program is launched at press conferences in New York and Shanghai.

問い. The first application is 33.＿＿＿＿ and available to every nationality.
パラフレーズ.
Round One is an online application open to all nationalities.

問い.This is followed by a further 34.＿＿＿＿ rounds and results in the selection
パラフレーズ.
The selection program proceeds with three additional rounds over the course of two years.

問い.This is followed by a further 3/three rounds and results in the selection 35.＿＿＿＿ teams that then start training
パラフレーズ.
At the end of it around six teams of four individuals are selected for training.

問い. During training they learn how to cope with life in an isolated 36.＿＿＿＿
パラフレーズ.
The group’s ability to deal with prolonged periods of time in a remote location is the most important part of their training.

問い. During training they learn how to cope with life in an isolated location, cultivate 37.＿＿＿＿
パラフレーズ.
they learn to repair components of the habitat and rover, learn to grow their own food, and train in medical procedures.

以上が、IELTSリーディング「穴埋め問題」の解き方の解説と練習問題の紹介でした。

この問題形式の対策としては、IELTSのパッセージを読んだ後に、自分で要約を作るのが効果的です。自分で作った要約と、問いとして用意されている要約を見比べてみてください！

次のレッスンでは、文章完成問題を学習します。出題頻度は、さほど高くありませんが、いざ出題された時に落ち着いて回答できるように、対策しておきましょう。