【見出し選択】IELTSリーディング解き方の解説と練習 ③

こんにちは！

SOLO IELTS TOEFLのルークです！

この記事では、IELTSリーディング「見出し選択」の解き方の解説と練習問題を紹介します。

「見出し選択が苦手な人」や「リーディングで伸び悩んでいる人」の参考になれば幸いです。

リーディング「見出し選択」

IELTSリーディング「見出し選択」は、パッセージのタイトルを選択する問題形式です。

この問題形式で試されているスキルは、トピックセンテンスの読み取りと、トピックセンテンスに対するアイデアの展開の2点です。

パラグラフ冒頭の、トピックセンテンスだけを理解しても正答できないので注意してください！

回答のコツ

IELTSリーディング、「見出し選択」問題を回答する際のコツは以下になります。

コツ1. パッセージを読む前に問いのタイトルを確認する
コツ2. タイトルのキーワードに線を引く
コツ3. 1つパラグラフを読んだら、見出しを選択する
コツ4. 自信がないパラグラフは後から回答する
コツ5. トピックセンテンスだけを読んで回答しない
コツ6. パラグラフの展開をきちんと理解してから回答する
コツ7. 数値（i,ii,iii）が答えとなる場合が多いので注意する

自信がないパラグラフは、後から回答しましょう。無理やり見出しをつけても、他のパラグラフの見出しと連動して誤答してしまう可能性があります。

練習問題

それでは、実際の練習問題を解いてみましょう。

Psychology and personality ASSESSMENT

Reading passage has seven paragraphs A-D.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-iv in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

A.
Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behaviour to them in accordance with these judgments. A casual meeting of neighbours on the street, an employer giving instructions to an employee, a mother telling her children how to behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one another without exchanging a word – all these involve mutual interpretations of personal qualities.
B.
Success in many vocations largely depends on skill in sizing up people. It is important not only to such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not. to some extent, understand, and react to the motives and qualities of those we meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes, although we also recognize that misinterpretations easily arise – particularly on the pare of others who judge us!
C.
Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his “feed-back,” the Inadequacies of our judgments become apparent. The hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get on well together can do little to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality.
D.
Just because the process is so familiar and taken for granted, It has aroused little scientific curiosity until recently. Dramatists, writers and artists throughout the centuries have excelled in the portrayal of character, but have seldom stopped to ask how they, or we, get to know people, or how accurate is our knowledge. However, the popularity of such unscientific systems as Lavater’s physiognomy in the eighteenth century, Gall’s phrenology in the nineteenth, and of handwriting interpretations by graphologists, or palm- readings by Gypsies, show that people are aware of weaknesses in their judgments and desirous of better methods of diagnosis. It is natural that they should turn to psychology for help, in the belief that psychologists are specialists in “human nature.”

i. The consequences of poor personality assessment
ii. Everyone makes personality assessments
iii. Acknowledgement of the need for improvement in personality assessment
iv. The need for personality assessments to be well judged

解答

1. パラグラフA: ii
2. パラグラフB: iv
3. パラグラフC: i
4. パラグラフD: iii

問題の解説

練習問題の解説として、問のキーワードが、文章中でどのようにパラフレーズされていたか確認してみましょう。

ii. Everyone makes personality assessments
パラフレーズ.
パラグラフA. Our daily lives are largely up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behaviour to them in accordance with these judgments.

iv. The need for personality assessments to be well judged
パラフレーズ.
パラグラフB. It is important not only to such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not

i. The consequences of poor personality assessment
パラフレーズ.
パラグラフC. Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his ‘feed-back’, the Inadequacies of our judgements become apparent.

iii. Acknowledgement of the need for improvement in personality assessment
パラフレーズ.
パラグラフD. show that people are aware of weaknesses in their judgments and desirous of better methods of diagnosis.

以上が、IELTSリーディング「見出し選択」の解き方の解説と練習問題の紹介でした。

このタイプの問題は、いきなりパッセージを読み始めるのではなく、事前の見出しの分析が大切です。その上で、上から順に1つずつ丁寧に回答していくことがポイントです！

次のレッスンでは、パッセージのタイトルを選択する問題形式を学習します。パッセージ全体の流れを理解して、一番最後に回答することが正答するためのポイントです。